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3/2018 vol. 174
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Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities
Barouch GIECHASKIEL 1
,
 
Tero LAHDE 2
,
 
Ricardo SUAREZ-BERTOA 3
,
 
Michael CLAIROTTE 4
,
 
Theodoros GRIGORATOS 3
,
 
Alessandro ZARDINI 3
,
 
Adolfo PERUJO 5
,
 
Giorgio MARTINI 6
 
 
 
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1
Scientific Laboratory Manager – JRC, Directorate C – Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Ispra, Italy.
 
2
Scientific/Technical Project Officer – JRC, Directorate C – Energy, Transport, and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Ispra, Italy.
 
3
Scientific/Technical Project Officer – JRC, Directorate C – Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Ispra, Italy.
 
4
Scientific/Technical Project Officer – JRC, Directorate C – Energy, Transport, and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Ispra, Italy.
 
5
Scientific/Technical Project Officer – JRC, Directorate C – Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Ispra, Italy.
 
6
Deputy Head of Unit – JRC, Directorate C – Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, Ispra, Italy.
 
 
Publication date: 2018-07-01
 
 
Combustion Engines 2018,174(3), 3-16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2018-301
 
 
Article (PDF)
References (68) Citations (67)
 
KEYWORDS
vehicle emissions regulation
particle measurement programme (PMP)
portable emission measurement systems (PEMS)
real driving emissions (RDE)
periodical technical inspection
particle number
sub-23 nm
 
ABSTRACT
The solid particle number method was introduced in the European Union (EU) light-duty legislation for diesel vehicles to ensure the installation of the best-available technology for particles (i.e., wall-flow diesel particulate filters) without the uncertainties of the volatile nucleation mode and without the need of large investment for purchasing the equipment. Later it was extended to gasoline vehicles with direct injection engines, heavy-duty engines (both compression ignition and positive ignitions) and non-road mobile machinery engines. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing on the road with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for particle number (and NOx) during type approval and in-service conformity testing was recently (in 2017) introduced for light-duty vehicles, and is under discussion for heavy-duty vehicles in-service conformity testing. This paper will summarize the existing legislation regarding solid particle number and discuss the on-going activities at EU level. The main focus at the moment is on improving the calibration procedures, and extending the lower detection size below 23 nm with inter-laboratory exercises. In parallel, discussions are on-going to introduce testing at low ambient temperature, regeneration emissions in the light-duty regulation, a particle limit for other technologies such as gasoline port-fuel injection vehicles, and the feasibility of particle measurements to L-category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and minicars). A short overview of periodical technical inspection investigations and the situation regarding non-exhaust traffic related sources with special focus on brakes and tyres will be described.
 
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41.
Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Organic Particulate Matter from Exhaust After-Treatment System of Euro 6 Diesel Engine Operating at Full Load
Ezio Mancaruso, Bianca Vaglieco, Wolfgang Gstrein, Konstantinos Priftis, Antonio Tregrossi, Carmela Russo, Anna Ciajolo, Barbara Apicella
SAE Technical Paper Series
 
CrossRef
 
 
42.
Effect of Sampling Conditions on the Sub-23 nm Nonvolatile Particle Emissions Measurements of a Moped
Barouch Giechaskiel
Applied Sciences
 
CrossRef
 
 
43.
A New Periodic Technical Inspection for Particle Emissions of Vehicles
H. Burtscher, Th. Lutz, A. Mayer
Emission Control Science and Technology
 
CrossRef
 
 
44.
Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review
Barouch Giechaskiel, Pierre Bonnel, Adolfo Perujo, Panagiota Dilara
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
 
CrossRef
 
 
45.
Particle number (PN) emissions from gasoline, diesel, LPG, CNG and hybrid-electric light-duty vehicles under real-world driving conditions
A. Kontses, G. Triantafyllopoulos, L. Ntziachristos, Z. Samaras
Atmospheric Environment
 
CrossRef
 
 
46.
Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines
Barouch Giechaskiel, Tero Lähde, Matthias Schwelberger, Timo Kleinbach, Helge Roske, Enrico Teti, den van, Patrick Neils, Christophe Delacroix, Tobias Jakobsson, Karlsson Lu
Applied Sciences
 
CrossRef
 
 
47.
Particulate emissions from L-Category vehicles towards Euro 5
A. Kontses, L. Ntziachristos, A.A. Zardini, G. Papadopoulos, B. Giechaskiel
Environmental Research
 
CrossRef
 
 
48.
European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review
Barouch Giechaskiel, Ameya Joshi, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Panagiota Dilara
Catalysts
 
CrossRef
 
 
49.
Airborne Nanoparticles (PM0.1) in Southeast Asian Cities: A Review
Worradorn Phairuang, Muhammad Amin, Mitsuhiko Hata, Masami Furuuchi
Sustainability
 
CrossRef
 
 
50.
Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine
Felix Leach, Andrew Lewis, Sam Akehurst, James Turner, David Richardson
SAE Technical Paper Series
 
CrossRef
 
 
51.
Investigating the Effect of Volatiles on Sub-23 nm Particle Number Measurements for a Downsized GDI Engine with a Catalytic Stripper and Digital Filtering
Sebastian Pfau, Ephraim Haffner-Staton, Rocca La, Alasdair Cairns
Fuels
 
CrossRef
 
 
52.
Ambient Nanoparticles (PM0.1) Mapping in Thailand
Worradorn Phairuang, Suthida Piriyakarnsakul, Muanfun Inerb, Surapa Hongtieab, Thunyapat Thongyen, Jiraporn Chomanee, Yaowatat Boongla, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Phuvasa Chanonmuang, Panwadee Suwattiga, Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul, Sirima Panyametheekul, Muhammad Amin, Mitsuhiko Hata, Masami Furuuchi
Atmosphere
 
CrossRef
 
 
53.
Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements
Barouch Giechaskiel, Anastasios Melas, Athanasios Mamakos
Combustion Engines
 
CrossRef
 
 
54.
Particle Number Emission for Periodic Technical Inspection in a Bus Rapid Transit System
Maria Botero, Javier Londoño, Andrés Agudelo, John Agudelo
Emission Control Science and Technology
 
CrossRef
 
 
55.
Off-Cycle Emissions of Particle Number from Gasoline and DPF Diesel Passenger Cars in High-Load Conditions
Hiroyuki Yamada, Taichi Kimura, Hidenori Konno, Yoshinori Kondo
Atmosphere
 
CrossRef
 
 
56.
Development of an optical particle number sensor based on continuous wave laser-induced incandescence
Matteo Kammerer, Fabian Purkl, Klaus Geigle
Applied Physics B
 
CrossRef
 
 
57.
Comparison of exhaust emission results obtained from Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) and a laboratory system
Borys Adamiak, Andrzej Szczotka, Joseph Woodburn, Jerzy Merkisz
Combustion Engines
 
CrossRef
 
 
58.
Long-term trends of black carbon and particle number concentrations and their vehicle emission factors in Stockholm
Patricia Krecl, Christer Johansson, Michael Norman, Sanna Silvergren, Lars Burman, Eva Maria Mollinedo, Admir Créso Targino
Environmental Pollution
 
CrossRef
 
 
59.
Particulate Matter Emission and Air Pollution Reduction by Applying Variable Systems in Tribologically Optimized Diesel Engines for Vehicles in Road Traffic
Saša Milojević, Jasna Glišović, Slobodan Savić, Goran Bošković, Milan Bukvić, Blaža Stojanović
Atmosphere
 
CrossRef
 
 
60.
Assessment of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions of a Euro 6d-Temp Diesel Vehicle Driven >1300 km Including Six Diesel Particulate Filter Regenerations
Victor Valverde, Barouch Giechaskiel
Atmosphere
 
CrossRef
 
 
61.
Assessment of 10-nm Particle Number (PN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for Future Regulations
Barouch Giechaskiel, Tero Lähde, Sawan Gandi, Stefan Keller, Philipp Kreutziger, Athanasios Mamakos
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
 
CrossRef
 
 
62.
Non-Volatile Particle Number Emission Measurements with Catalytic Strippers: A Review
Barouch Giechaskiel, Anastasios D. Melas, Tero Lähde, Giorgio Martini
Vehicles
 
CrossRef
 
 
63.
Particle Number Emissions of a Diesel Vehicle during and between Regeneration Events
Barouch Giechaskiel
Catalysts
 
CrossRef
 
 
64.
Preliminary Results from Life Cycle Assessment of a Product-Service System for Tailpipe Particle Measuring
Kai Rüdele, Matthias Wolf, Benjamin Ivantsits, Christian Ramsauer
Procedia CIRP
 
CrossRef
 
 
65.
Assessment of Condensation Particle Counter-Based Portable Solid Particle Number System for Applications with High Water Content in Exhaust
M. Yusuf Khan, Nikhilesh Agarwal, Sampad Panda, Atharva Tushar Desai, John C. Wilkinson, Evan Chaille, Shekhar Vats, Tina L. Salemme, Thinnesh Ragupathy
SAE Technical Paper Series
 
CrossRef
 
 
66.
Comparisons of Laboratory and On-Road Type-Approval Cycles with Idling Emissions. Implications for Periodical Technical Inspection (PTI) Sensors
Barouch Giechaskiel, Tero Lähde, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa, Victor Valverde, Michael Clairotte
Sensors
 
CrossRef
 
 
67.
Exhaust emission testing methods – BOSMAL’s legislative and development emission testing laboratories
Piotr BIELACZYC, Dariusz KLIMKIEWICZ, Joseph WOODBURN, Andrzej SZCZOTKA
Combustion Engines
 
CrossRef
 
 
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