Correlation relationships of processes in the combustion engine in the RDE test
More details
Hide details
1
Automotive Development Institute in Bielsko-Biała, BOSMAL, Poland
2
Warsaw, Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute, Poland
3
Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Institute of IC Engines and Powertrains;
Poznan University of Technology, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-07-22
Final revision date: 2024-08-26
Acceptance date: 2024-09-02
Online publication date: 2024-10-01
Publication date: 2024-11-13
Combustion Engines 2024,199(4), 112-125
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The article presents considerations on the processes taking place in the combustion engine in the in real driving operating conditions of a vehicle performing the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. The tests were carried out using a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine. The processes considered in the article were related to the engine operating states, exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, and the vehicle speed, which determines the engine operating conditions. The RDE test were carried out using PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) equipment, and the following variables were recorded: vehicle speed, control, rotational speed, relative torque and relative engine power, emission pollutant intensity of: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, the intensity of particle number and the fuel consumption intensity. The recorded signals were digitally processed, and the statistical properties of the variables and the mutual relation between the engine operating states were examined. The properties of the measured variables were investigated in the entire RDE test and in its constituent phases: the first, corresponding to vehicle movement in cities, the second – outside cities, and the third – on highways and expressways. The pollutant specific distance emission and the particle number specific distance as well as the specific distance fuel consumption were determined in relation to the average vehicle speed, and based on these results, the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption characteristics were created. Correlational studies of the considered variables were also performed. Pearson's linear correlation coefficients for the measured variables combinations were determined.
REFERENCES (39)
1.
André M, Joumard R, Vidon R, Tassel P, Perrte P. Real-world European driving cycles, for measuring pollutant emissions from high- and low-powered cars. Atmos Environ. 2006;40(31):5944-5953.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmo....
3.
Andrych-Zalewska M, Chłopek Z, Merkisz J, Pielecha J. Analysis of the operation states of internal combustion engine in the Real Driving Emissions test. Archives of Transport. 2022;61(1): 71-88.
https://doi.org/10.5604/01.300....
4.
Andrych-Zalewska M, Chłopek Z, Merkisz J, Pielecha J. Exhaust emission from a vehicle engine operating in dynamic states and conditions corresponding to real driving. Combustion Engines. 2019;178(3):99-105.
https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-20....
5.
Andrych-Zalewska M, Chłopek Z, Merkisz J, Pielecha J. Investigations of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under simulated actual operating conditions in real driving emissions test. Energies. 2021;14(4):935.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en1404....
6.
Andrych-Zalewska M, Chłopek Z, Merkisz J, Pielecha J. Research on exhaust emissions in dynamic operating states of a combustion engine in a Real Driving Emissions test. Energies. 2021, 14(18), 5684.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en1418....
7.
Banach S. Théorie des opérations linéaires. Warsaw 1932.
8.
Bebkiewicz K, Chłopek Z, Sar H, Szczepański K, Zimakowska-Laskowska M. Assessment of impact of vehicle traffic conditions: urban, rural and highway, on the results of pollutant emissions inventory. Archives of Transport. 2021;60(4);57-69.
https://doi.org/10.5604/01.300....
9.
Bendat JS, Piersol AG. Random data: analysis and measurement procedures. John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Book Series: Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.
https://doi.org/10.1002/978111....
10.
BUWAL (Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft), INFRAS AG (Infrastruktur-, Umwelt- und Wirtschaftsberatung). Luftschadstoffemissionen des Strassenverkehrs 1950–2010, BUWAL-Bericht 1995; 255.
11.
Chłopek Z, Biedrzycki J, Lasocki J, Wójcik P, Samson-Bręk I. Modelling of motor vehicle operation for the evaluation of pollutant emission and fuel consumption. Combustion Engines. 2017;171(4):156-63.
https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-20....
12.
Chłopek Z, Biedrzycki J, Lasocki J, Wójcik P. Assessment of the impact of dynamic states of an internal combustion engine on its operational properties. Eksploat Niezawodn. 2015;17(1):35-41.
13.
Chłopek Z, Biedrzycki J, Lasocki J, Wójcik P. Correlational investigation of air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicle in various dynamic conditions. Global NEST J. 2020;22(2):275-279.
https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.0....
14.
Chłopek Z, Lasocki J. Correlation investigations into pollutant emission and the operational states of compression-ignition engines in dynamic tests. Combustion Engines. 2017;169(2):87-92.
https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-20....
15.
Chłopek Z. A correlation analysis of the pollutant emission from a self ignition engine. Silniki Spalinowe – Combustion Engines. 2010;140(1):25-31.
https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-11....
16.
Chłopek Z. Analysis of the correlation between pollutant emissions and operation states of a compression ignition engine. The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji. 2015;68(2):3-19.
21.
EEA/EMEP Emission Inventory Guidebook 2019.
22.
Giechaskiel B, Vlachos T, Riccobono F, Forni F, Colombo R, Montigny F et al. Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) regulation in Europe. JOVE-J Vis Exp. 2016;118:54753.
https://doi.org/10.3791/54753.
23.
INFRAS AG. Handbook emission factors for road transport 3.2. Quick reference. Version 3.2. Bern, 2014.
24.
Kendall MG. Rank correlation methods. New York: Hafner Publishing Co, 1955.
26.
Luján J M, Piqueras P, de la Morena J, Redondo F. Experimental characterization of real driving cycles in a light-duty diesel engine under different dynamic conditions. Appl Sci. 2022;12(5):2472.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app120....
28.
Papoulis A, Pillai SU. Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes. Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002;852.
29.
Parzen E. Stochastic processes. Courier Dover Publications. 2015.
32.
PEMS Testing – Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (horiba.com).
33.
Pielecha J, Skobiej K, Kurtyka K. Exhaust emissions and energy consumption analysis of conventional, hybrid, and electric vehicles in real driving cycles. Energies. 2020;13(23):6423.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en1323....
34.
Savitzky A, Golay MJE. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures. Anal Chem. 1964;36(8):1627-1639.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac6021....
36.
Semtech-DS On Board Vehicle Emissions Analyzer (2010). User Manual. Document: 9510086, Revision: 2.01.
37.
TSI 3090 EEPS™ (Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer™), User Manual (2008).
38.
Wang Z, Wu P, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Analysis of the influence of RDE test data processing methods on the emission results of China 6 light duty vehicles. E3S Web Conf. 2021;268:01022.
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3scon....
39.
Worldwide emission standards (2021/2022). Passenger cars and light duty vehicles. Delphi. Innovation for the real world.